Toyota

Toyota Replacing Robots with Humans

*It’s the thinking that is important

I originally read

At Toyota, The Automation Is Human-Powered in 2017. An AME conversation this morning reminded me of it:

“While the rest of the auto industry increasingly uses robots in manufacturing, Toyota has taken a contrarian stance by accentuating human craftsmanship.”

  • it also contains some info stating historically there is a direct correlation between productivity growth, which robots should naturally contribute to, and job creation using ATM's as an example (see chart).


Two more from 2014 I found, and there few more in addition to this, but the same thinking applies.

Results from one of these articles:

  • “Toyota has eliminated about 10% of material-related waste from building crankshafts at Honsha. Kawai said the aim is to apply those savings to the next-generation Prius hybrid.”

  • “We cannot simply depend on the machines that only repeat the same task over and over again,” Kawai said. “To be the master of the machine, you have to have the knowledge and the skills to teach the machine.”

  • “Fully automated machines don’t evolve on their own; Mechanization itself doesn’t harm, but sticking to a specific mechanization may lead to omission of kaizen and improvement.”

https://financialpost.com/transportation/toyota-robots-humans

This one from PEOPLE POWER in Bloomberg, my notes, link below:

Toyota is becoming more efficient by replacing robots with humans

“Car makers have embraced automation and replaced humans with robots for years. But Toyota is deliberately taking a step backward and replacing automated machines in some factories in Japan and creating heavily manual production lines staffed with humans”

“It’s an unconventional choice for a Japanese company. Japan has by far the most industrial robots of any country, with an estimated 309,400 (pdf p. 17.) Only South Korea has a higher ratio of robots to humans.”

Toyota’s latest strategy has two main aspects:

“First, it wants to make sure that workers truly understand the work they’re doing instead of feeding parts into machines and being helpless when one breaks down.”

“Second, it wants to figure out ways to make processes higher quality and more efficient in the long run.”

“The company worries that automation means it has too many average workers and not enough craftsmen and masters.”

“So far, people taking back work done by robots at over 100 workspaces reduced waste in crankshaft production by 10%, and helped shorten the production line. Others improved axle production and cut costs for chassis parts.”

“We cannot simply depend on the machines that only repeat the same task over and over again. To be the master of the machine, you have to have the knowledge and the skills to teach the machine.”

“The manual lines are a refocus on “Kaizen,” or continuous improvement, and “Monozukuri,” which is essentially the art of making things well. It’s a re-commitment to management ideas behind the decades old Toyota Production System.”

“Machines are great at doing things quickly and at low cost. But people—especially ones with the experience of performing tasks themselves—bring craftsmanship, insight into process design, and consistency of quality. Toyota has found that the race to reduce the human element can end up making processes less efficient.”

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-04-06/humans-replacing-robots-herald-toyota-s-vision-of-future

No Satisfaction at Toyota

Great article by FastCompany, key points, highly recommend reading the full article more than once, link below

:

It restructures a little bit every work shift.

Cars now spend 8 hours in paint, instead of 10. The paint shop at any moment holds 25% fewer cars than it used to. Wasted paint? Practically zero. What used to require 100 gallons now takes 70.

  • Not only does Georgetown use less paint, it also buys less cleaning solvent and has dramatically reduced disposal costs for both. Together with new programming to make the robots paint more quickly, has increased the efficiency of its car-wash-sized paint booths from 33 cars an hour to 50.

  • “We’re getting the same volume with two booths that we used to get with three, so we shut down one of the booths.” If you want to trim your energy bill, try unplugging an oven big enough to bake 25 cars. Workers dismantled Top Coat Booth C, leaving the open floor space available for some future task.

  • shutting down Top Coat Booth C liberated a handful of maintenance engineers–who turned their attention to accelerating the next round of changes. By the end of this year, Buckner and his team hope to have cut almost in half the amount of floor space the paint shop needs–all while continuing to paint 2,000 cars a day.

  • You outflank them next decade. They just don’t realize it.

 

  • Toyota wasn’t just another workplace but a different way of thinking about work.

  • Contrasted to the American business culture of not admitting, or even discussing, problems in settings like meetings.

  • please talk to us about your problems so we can all work on them together.'”

  • improvement is much more realistic, much more human

  • improving something starts after understanding the standardunderstanding how we do it now. If you don’t understand what you’re trying to improve, how do you know that your suggestion is an improvement?”

  • How come the checkout lines at Wal-Mart never get shorter?

  • How come the customer service of your cell-phone company never improves, year after year?

  • How come my PC gets harder to operate with each software upgrade?

  • doing it in every single department, every single day. They’re doing it on their own

  • You simply can’t lose interest in it, shrug, and give up – any more than you can lose interest in your own future.

  • Doing the task and doing the task better become one and the same thing

https://www.fastcompany.com/58345/no-satisfaction-toyota

Documented examples of Lean Product and Process Development

Documented examples of Lean Product & Process Development can be found for:

IT industry

- Intel

(who has run internal Lean development conferences annually for at least 7 years)

Software

o Menlo

o Read The Lean Start-up

Sports

- Ping Golf

Motor industry:

- Harley Davidson

(when facing bankruptcy adopted Lean Product & Process development turned around company)

- Toyota

- Honda

- Ford

(turned around company so no bail out taken)

- Goodyear

Suppliers:

o   Delphi Automotive Systems Rochester Technical Center

o   Denso

o   Donnelly Corporation (now Magna Donnelly)

o   Kongsberg Automotive

o   Magna

Heavy Industry

- Vermeer

- Scania R&D Operations

(a comparable modular version)

- Atlas Copco

Other Highly Suspect

- Danaher

(any of their 400+ acquisitions since lean is their growth model)

- HON/HNI

- Ariens Company

- Yanmar Diesel

- Deere & Co. (John Deere)

- Nissan

- Watlow Electric

- Lockheed Skunk Works

- Saab Electronic Defense Systems

- Yamaha Motorcycles

The Machine that Changed the World

Womack, James, Jones, Roos

Based on Taiichi Ohno, Eiji Toyoda

Covers the 5 year study of the auto industry, identifying what made Toyota (lean) a superior automotive manufacturer over all other (traditional mass production) companies.

Contents:

Suppliers p59

Product Development & Engineering p63

Most Important Organizational Features of a Lean Plant p99

Running the Factory p79

Design p105

Starting Off in Lean Production p129

Coordinating the Supply Chain p146

Establishing Prices and Jointly Analyzing Costs p148

Dealing with Customers p169

Managing the Lean Enterprise

Proposed Multiregional Motors p220

Diffusing Lean Production p225

Completing the Transition p257

Outdated Thinking about the World Economy p260

End Notes p289